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What was the primary way muckrakers influenced society in the early 20th century?

  1. Frequent acts of civil disobedience

  2. Activities as government officials

  3. Publication of articles and books

  4. Control over factories

The correct answer is: Publication of articles and books

Muckrakers played a crucial role in shaping society during the early 20th century primarily through the publication of articles and books. These journalists and writers focused on exposing social injustices, corruption in government and businesses, and various abuses within society. Their investigative reporting brought critical issues to public attention, leading to widespread awareness and prompting discussions about reform. Through their compelling narratives, muckrakers revealed the grim realities of urban life, labor conditions, and the political landscape, influencing public opinion and mobilizing citizens. The impact of their work went beyond mere awareness; it spurred reforms in legislation, such as antitrust laws and labor rights, as the public demanded changes based on the information presented in these publications. The written word was a powerful tool for social change during this period, making their contributions invaluable to the Progressive Movement. While the other options reflect possible societal influences, none matched the significant impact of the muckrakers' written work in raising awareness and driving reforms during this transformative era.